Oneness2012

Human body is a self organizing system and  seen as a whole made up of parts which are in turn lower-level wholes themselves—such as organs , tissues in organs, cells in tissues organelles in cells.

Human Organism is community of more than 50 trillion cells operating in harmony, trying to confirm to the requests and demands of central voice. Each of these cells is intelligent organism and will manage its own life. Human body is made up of around 200 different types of cell, all working together, day and night. Each cell must make the molecules it needs to survive, grow, multiply and do its job

Every cell lives in a community and has job to support that community. There are rules and regulations. Each cell gets services. There is health care by immune system, digestive system delivers the food, garbage is taken out by excretory system.

Cells come in all shapes and sizes. Different types of cell make different proteins according to the jobs they have to do. For example, only red blood cells contain the protein hemoglobin which carries oxygen around your body. Similarly, only cells in your eyes make proteins for detecting light and only cells in the pancreas make insulin. 

Human body is constantly replacing old cells with new ones at the rate of millions per second. By the time you finish reading this sentence, 50 million of your cells will have died and been replaced by others.

Cells also contain a nucleus within which is found DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) in the form of chromosomes.

There are 6000 million base pairs of DNA in the nucleus of almost every  cell. The DNA is packaged into 46 bundles called chromosomes. These long strands of information encode two sets of 80,000 different genes, one set inherited from each father and mother. A single gene ranges in size from a hundred base pairs to millions of base pairs.

Strands of DNA are made up of four different chemical building blocks, or bases - adenine, cytosine, thymine and guanine. These are the 'letters' of the 'digital' DNA code, usually labeled A, C, T and G. The bases are attached to a chemical backbone to make a strand of DNA. Two strands wind around each other to make a double helix, which looks like a spiral staircase. Each 'step' is a base pair: every A is paired with a T, and every C with a G.

DNA is cells’ store of coded 'digital' information, which cells copy very nearly perfectly every time they divide.

To make a protein, a cell must put a chain of amino acids together in the right order. First, it makes a copy of the relevant DNA instruction in the cell nucleus, and takes it into the cytoplasm - a bit like taking a photocopy of the instruction manual from the manager's office out to the assembly lines in a car factory. Here, the cell decodes the instruction and makes many copies of the protein, which fold into shape as they are produced.

Almost all cells have the same set of genes. These carry instructions for making every protein in body. But any particular cell uses only a selected set of genes. All genes are pieces of DNA - a code that sets down the order of the amino acids in a protein. Although all cells have the same genes, they only use the instructions they need, for example only a muscle cell makes muscle proteins.  If a gene is 'switched off', no protein will be made from that gene. Mechanisms for switching genes on and off are crucial to the functioning of every cell.

All the different cells of body usually live grow and divide in harmony. Here Harmony is key word.

For example, human body always has just the right number of liver cells and white blood cells. Human body has many different signals that control how much, and how often cells must divide. If any of these signals are faulty or missing, the result can be cancer, where too many cells are produced.

Conventional biology has built its knowledge that the genes control the biology. That is the base for carrying out Genome project. Scientists have estimated that human complexity would necessitate a genome (the total collection of genes) in excess of 100,000 genes. This was based on the estimate of that there were in excess of 30,000 regulatory genes and over 70,000 protein coding genes. When the report of human genome project delivered, the conclusion presented itself as a “cosmic joke”. Report says that the whole human genome consists of 34,000 genes. 65 % of anticipated genes do not exist!. How can we account for the complexity of genetically – controlled human when there are not even enough genes to code just for the proteins (conventional thought held that there was one gene to code for each of 70,000-90,000 different proteins that make up our bodies). Failure of genome to confirm to our expectations reveals that our perception of how biology works is based upon, in- correct assumptions. Our “belief” in the concept of genetic determinism is apparently flawed. We cannot attribute the character of our lives solely to the consequence of inherent genetic “programming”.

Recently, new scientists in biology are also embrace the power of epigenetics. Epigenetics, which literally translates as “control above the genes”, a newly recognized second genetic code that controls the activity and programming of an organisms DNA. The fundamental difference between the old DNA genetic code and the new epigenetics is that the former notion endorses genetic determinism the belief that genes predetermine and control our physiological and behavioral traits while epigenetics recognizes that our perceptions of the environment, including our consciousness, actively control our genes. Through epigenetic mechanisms, applied consciousness can be used to shape our biology and make us masters of our own lives.

But now the question is, how environmental signals can come from outside and influence the cell.

Cell Membrane or skin is the brain of cell; it is the interface between external world and inside of cell. Each cell surface or membrane in our body is studded with thousands of Receptor/effector molecules (Integrated Membrane Protein- IMP) . These protein molecules in the cell membrane interface the demands of the internal physiologic mechanisms with existing environmental exigencies. These receptors recognize the environmental signals (information) in the same way our receptors (e.g. eyes, ears, nose, etc) read our environment. Receptor –effector protein complexes serve as “switches” that integrate the function of the organism within its environment. The receptor component of the switch provides “awareness of the environment” and effector component generates a “physical sensation” in response to that awareness. 

Conventional biology assumed cell nucleus is the brain of the cell, but as per new biology, cell membrane is the brain of the cell not the cell nucleus. Membrane boundary enveloping each biological cell comprises the structural basis of biological processor. Information from the environment is transferred to the cell via this bi-layer membrane. Each single cell represents a self powered micro computer system.

As in digital computers, the power of information handling capacity of the cellular computer is determined by the number of its BITS it can manage. This is similar analogy to computer BIT of information and related concept of logic gates which processes and stores. None of the gates can store a value by itself: when the inputs change, the outputs immediately react. It is possible to make a storage element either through a capacitor (which stores charge due to its physical properties) or by feedback. Connecting the output of a gate to the input causes it to be put through the logic again, and choosing the feedback correctly allows it to be preserved or modified through the use of other inputs. A set of gates arranged in this fashion is known as a "latch", and more complicated designs that utilize clocks (signals that oscillate with a known period) and change only on the rising edge are called edge-triggered "flip-flops". The combination of multiple flip-flops in parallel, to store a multiple-bit value, is known as a register. When using any of these gate setups the overall system has memory; it is then called a sequential logic system since its output can be influenced by its previous state(s).These registers or capacitor-based circuits are known as computer memory.

 In computers BIT processed by “gate” and stored in memory. In membrane processor, BIT is processed by receptor/effector and stored in memory whether it is at gene, subconscious mind or conscious mind level.

Cell information processing capability is directly linked to the surface area of the membrane, since this Integrated Membrane Protein called IMPs reside within membrane bi-layer. If we have to increase the cell processing capability, it is necessary to increase the surface area of cell membrane. But increasing beyond limit of this delicate layer will lead to rupture, killing the cell. This has put limitation on increase of Biological awareness, this biological awareness is a measurable property which is directly proportion to number of reflectors/effectors and which is directly proportional to surface area of membrane.

More awareness, the greater the ability to survive, but limitations upon individual bacteria led to living in loosely knit communities. If one single bacteria can learn six facts about the environment, then hundred bacteria collectively capable of being aware of 600 facts. This lead to next phase of evolution multi cellular biological structure to the highest level of development human being. A similar analogy in computer industry is from single Chip to Integrated Chip to parallel processing.